Actress Angelina Jolie Do a Double Mastectomy

WASHINGTON - Actress and UN goodwill ambassador Angelina Jolie is currently in the spotlight for his decision to perform a double mastectomy to reduce the chance of getting breast cancer, even though he is free of cancer.

The decision was based on a genetic test done, and the other options available to women at risk of breast cancer.

Decisions cut both her breasts when she did not have cancer has drawn attention to preventive surgery.
Angelina Jolie says the death of his mother, actress Marcheline Bertrand, to cancer in 2007 at the age of 56 years, also plays a role in the decision to undergo a double mastectomy.

Jolie says that her children wondered if he too would die of cancer.
According to him, the genetic tests showed she had a 87 percent chance of breast cancer and 50 percent for cervical cancer.

The doctors found that certain genetic mutation can increase the possibility of getting breast and uterine cancer.
Two major genes associated with breast and cervical cancer are BRCA1 and BRCA2 derived.

One study found that if a woman has a BRCA-related cancer earlier in his life, then his daughter will get cancer even earlier than in real him, if he inherited gene mutations.

Women with BRCA-related breast cancer has a survival rate similar to other cancer patients at the same stage. But Dr. Marc Boisvert of MedStar Washington Hospital say there is a significant difference.

"The problem is these cancers often occur in women younger and younger women tend to have more aggressive cancers, and they did not suspect him," said Boisvert.

The women in the 20s and 30s are not likely to get breast cancer screening.
Those most likely to have the most BRCA mutations is of European Jewish descent.
But "you can still have it if you are black, white, Hispanic, Chinese descent, Asian, or any tribe," said Boisvert.

National Cancer Institute recommend genetic testing if close relatives had breast or uterine cancer.
But do not have a BRCA1 or 2 mutation does not mean freedom from cancer.
And have an inherited gene does not mean that you will definitely get the disease.
But genetic experts can come up with a percentage, in terms Jolie is 87 percent for breast cancer.

Genetic testing costs alone can reach thousands of dollars.

Preventive surgery can reduce the possibility of a less than 5 percent, but according to Boisvert was not the only option.

"I think the important educational role here because your mind at ease investagate that you are being watched carefully and find out how much the numbers, and how the possibility of recurrence of it," said Boisvert.

Boisvert said that ultimately, the patient needs to feel comfortable with the treatment, whether it's prudent oversight or operation.

In an article published in the New York Times on Tuesday (14/5), Angelina Jolie says she decided to perform the procedure after knowing that he was carrying a gene that increases the risk of developing breast cancer and cervical cancer.

Jolie says some surgical procedures performed starting in February and ending in late April, lowering the risk of cancer from 87 percent to 5 percent.

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WHO Warns Polio outbreak in the Horn of Africa

WHO World Health Organisation warned the outbreak of polio in the Horn of Africa .

According to WHO a four-month old girl near Dadaab develop symptoms of polio last month, and two others were involved in contact with the boy later was found positive for Type 1 polio virus.


WHO says this is the first case of polio were confirmed in Kenya in nearly two years.


Added, one more case of Type 1 polio virus was confirmed this month in Banadir, Somalia.


WHO confirms that vaccination campaigns for children are taking place in Somalia, and the second round of vaccinations scheduled start on Sunday in parts of Kenya region.

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Television Help Global Lower Birth Rate

Ownership of television and media coverage on a large scale to be the most influential factor to the decline in birth rates in the world .

The population of the world is now more or less amounted to seven billion people.
Where the birth rate continues to rise in some countries, especially developing countries like India.

However, a new study reveals just the opposite, global birth rates have declined significantly in some areas.
Martin Lewis, Stanford University geographer said, declining birth rate is especially the case in India in which every woman has an average of 2.5 births per year.
While in the United States, every woman is expected to have an average of 2.1 births per year, this figure is the data in 2013.

Here we see the birth rate of India was not too showed significant differences in the numbers compared to the U.S. which is a developed country, where usually have a low birth rate.
"This is an extraordinary thing, global birth rate decline massively. Yet this seems less media attention," said Lewis.

Fertility decline is due to several factors, such as rising incomes and rising levels of literacy in women.
Besides ownership of television and media coverage on a large scale to be the most influential factor to the decline in birth rates in the world.

According to Lewis studies revealed that the cable associated with decreased reports of violence against women and children.
Moreover, it also increases the freedom of women and lowers fertility.
Why reduce fertility?

Because on television, people can see a picture of the present family.
Presenting numerous television models middle class families who can fight and get through the transition from traditional to modernity.
To assist this process, in fact the model of middle-class families with little children.

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